Third conditional
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Function:
  • We use the third conditional to talk about unreal situations in the past.
  • We can use could or might/may instead of would in the result clause to talk about results that were possible in the past.


Form:

     If clause                                                           Result clause
If + past perfect                          would, could, might/may + have + past participle

We use a comma when the if-clause is at the beginning of the sentence.

Examples:
  • If you had studied business, you could have gotten a good job.
  • If you had studied business, you might have liked it.
  • If I hadn´t studied philosophy, I wouldn´t have met Jessica.
  • I wouldn´t have met Jessica if I hadn´t studied philosophy.
  • If you had gotten up earlier, you wouldn´t have missed the train.
  • I would have studied history if I had gone to college.
  • If he had studied history, he might have become a teacher.
  • If I had found a job near my hometown, I wouldn´t have moved to Boston.
  • I wouldn´t have moved to Boston if I had found a job near my hometown.

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Watch out!

If you had met him, you would have liked him (Right).
If you would have met him, you had liked him (Wrong).
We couldn´t have finished on time if you hadn´t helped us (Right).
We couldn´t have finished on time if you hadn´t help us (Wrong).

Practice.

Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in parentheses.
  1. Tricia and Steve would have had (have) an argument if we hadn´t been (not be) there.
  2. If I had explained (explain) the situation better, you wouldn´t have been (not been) angry.
  3. If I had known (know) about the party, I could have gone (could go) with you.
  4. If my friend hadn´t introduced (not introduce) Paula and me, we wouldn´t have met (not meet).
  5. Sam couldn´t have bought (could not buy) a car if his brother hadn´t lend (not lend) him the money.
  6. If a friend hadn´t given (not give) me some good advice, I might have losed (might lose) a lot of money.
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